General Python FAQ¶

Python is an interactive and interactive objec t-oriented programming language. Python has functions such as modules, exceptions, dynamic, maximum dynamic data types, and classes. In addition to objec t-oriented programming, we support a wide range of programming paradigm, such as procedural programming and active programming. Python is connected with an impressive strength with a fairly eas y-t o-understand syntax. Python includes many system calls, libraries, and interfaces with various windows systems, and can be expanded to C and C ++. It is still possible to apply extensions for applications that require programmable interfaces. Finally, Python works not only on Windows, but also on many types of UNIX covering Linux and MacOS.

If you want to know more, start with Python's sel f-teaching. Python guides for beginners have links to other introductory texts and resources for Python research.

What is the Python Software Foundation?¶

Python Software Foundation is a no n-profit organization that owns copyright after Python version 2. 1. PSF's mission is to promote technologies that include Python programming language and the spread of Python without initial code. PS F-Family page is located in https: // www. Python. Org/psf/.

Donations to PSF are not taxed in the United States. If you are using Python and you need it, please manage the rights on the ps f-donation page.

Are there copyright restrictions on the use of Python?¶

You can make anything with the first word you try, as you actually leave copyright and show them in the python documentation you organize. If you are aware of the criteria for copyright, you can use Python for a fee, or to make Python copies in the initial state or binary (modified, not done). It is also possible to sell products used. Of course, we want the nobles for all cases where Python is used for a fee.

See the absolute word of additional description and license PSF license page.

The Python logo is considered a trademark, and permission may be required for use. For more information, consult a politician when using resources.

Why was Python created in the first place?¶

The following is a very short presentation written by Gvido Van Rossum:

I have a great deal of technology to implement interprete r-type languages ​​in the CWI ABC Group, and with this group, I found almost everything on language design. Almost all Python function begins with the introduction of notches for grouping the formula and the beginning of Python, which is the amount of the highest data type connection (although all details are different in Python).

I had a lot of dissatisfaction with the ABC language, but I liked many of the functions. It was impossible to extend the ABC language (or its implementation) to solve my dissatisfaction. In fact, the lack of expandability was one of the biggest issues. I have used Modula-2+, talked to the developer of Modula-3 and read a report on Modula-3. Modula-3 is a source of syntax and semantics used in exceptions and other Python functions.

I worked in the CWI Amoeba distributed operating system group. The Amoeba had its own system call interface, which was not easy to access from the bone screens. From the experience of errors in the amoeba, I realized the importance of exceptions as a programming language function.

I thought that if there was a script language that could access the Amoeba system call in a syntax of ABC, this need could be met. I thought it would be ridiculous to write a language specialized in amoeba, so I thought it would be necessary to have a language that can be generally expanded.

During the 1989 Christmas vacation, I had a lot of free time, so I decided to try it. The following year, I continued to develop Python, mainly in spare time, and Python was more successful in the Amoeba Project, and my colleagues had a lot of early improvements.

In February 1991, after the development of over a year, I decided to publish a post to USENET. The rest is in the MISC/History file.

What is Python good for?¶

Python is a hig h-level genera l-purpose programming language that can be used to solve various problems.

In this language, string processing (regular expression, unicode, file difference calculation), Internet protocol (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, XML-RPC, POP, IMAP), software development (unit test, logging, profiling, Python code) Analysis) comes with a large standard library that covers fields such as operating system interface (system call, file system, TCP/IP socket). If you look at the table of contents of the Python standard library, you can see what is included. Many thir d-party expansion is also available. Refer to Python Package Index to find an interesting package.

How does the Python version numbering scheme work?¶

The version number of Python is "A. B. C" or "A. B":

• A is the main version number and is incremented only if there are really important changes in the language.
• B is the minor version number, incremented for the least significant changes.
• C is the number of nanovers, incremented for each fix.

Not all releases are considered fix releases. In anticipation of new feature releases, a series of developer releases called alphas, betas and release candidates are created. Alpha versions are flawed versions where the interface is not yet finalized. It is not unusual for the interface to change between two alpha versions. Beta versions are more measured, the interface is preserved in them, but new modules may be added or the release candidate may be frozen.

Alphas, betas and release candidates have auxiliary suffixes:

• Alpha versions have the suffix "AN".
• Beta versions have the suffix "BN".
• Release candidates have the suffix "RCN" if n is small.

In other texts, all versions marked 2. 0Al precede versions marked 2. 0 billion, which precede versions marked 2. 0RCN, which precede 2. 0.

Some versions have a "+" suffix, such as "2. 2+". These are unknown versions specially collected from the CPYTHON development repository. In practice, after the release of an end minor release, the version is incremented to the appropriate minor version, e. g., "A0" version, "2.

For more information on the development cycle to be more aware of the political schema of Python Revolutionary Similarity, see the author's leadership, as well as PEP 387. See also the documentation for sys. version, sys. hexversion, and sys. version_info.

How do I obtain a copy of the Python source?¶

The latest version of the Python first word distribution can be found on the Python. org website at https://www. python. org/downloads/. The latest first word for development is available at https://github. com/python/cpython/.

The initial code distribution provides a GZIPT TAR file containing absolute start words in C, documentation in SPHINX format, Python library modules, example programs, and some pieces necessary to run distributed software - support. The start code compiles on most UNIX platforms to run "out of the box".

Additional information on obtaining and compiling the initial code can be found in the 'Start' section of Python Creator Management.

How do I get documentation on Python?¶

The standard documentation for the current measured version of Python can be found at https://docs. python. org/3/. PDF, plain word and uploaded HTML versions are still available at https://docs. python. org/3/download. html.

The documentation is written in the reStructuredText language and is handled by the Sphinx documentation inventory. The reStructuredText starter language for documentation is considered part of the Python seed code distribution.

I’ve never programmed before. Is there a Python tutorial?¶

There are many textbooks and books. Common documentation includes the Python tutorial.

The Beginner's Guide provides information for young Python software developers and includes a list of tutorials.

Is there a newsgroup or mailing list devoted to Python?¶

There is a newsgroup comp. lang. python and a mailing list python-list. Newsgroups and mailing lists are considered peer gateways - if you can recite the announcements, you don't need to subscribe to the mailing list.

Announcements about new software releases and events can be found on comp. lang. python. announce, a moderated, low-traffic list that receives up to five announcements per day. This is available as the python-announce mailing list.

More information about other mailing lists and newsgroups can be found at https://www. python. org/community/lists/.

How do I get a beta test version of Python?¶

Alpha and beta versions are available at https://www. python. org/downloads/. All releases are announced in the comp. lang. python and comp. lang. python. announce newsgroups and on the Python company page at https://www. python. org/.

You can access development versions of Python through Git. See the Python Creator's Guide for more information.

How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?¶

To report bugs or submit fixes, use the issue tracker at https://github. com/python/cpython/issues.

To learn about how Python is developed, see the Python Creator Office.

Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?¶

Perhaps best of all, consult your favorite book on Python.

The very first notes on Python were written in 1991 and have become pretty irrelevant since then.

Guido van Rossum and Jelke de Boer, "Interactive testing of remote servers using the Python programming language", CWI Quarterly, volume 4, issue 4 (December 1991), Amsterdam, pp. 283-303.

Are there any books on Python?¶

Yes, there are many, and more are being published. You can find the list on the python. org wiki at https://wiki. python. org/moin/PythonBooks.

You can also search for "Python" in a used bookstore and filter out links to Monty Python. Or, perhaps, search for "Python" and "language".

Where in the world is www.python.org located?¶

The Python Plan infrastructure is hosted and maintained globally by the Python Infrastructure Team. Learn more here.

Why is it called Python?¶

To start the creation of Python, Gid Van Rossum also read the manuscript of the comedy television series "Flying Circus" (MONTY Pyton), which was aired on the BBC in the 1970s. In fact, Van Rossum thought that some mysterious titles were short, unique, and decided to call Python the Python language.

Do I have to like “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”?¶

No, but it may be useful. :)

Python in the real world¶

How stable is Python?¶

Very cautious. Since 1991, the fresh permanent version has appeared in about 6-18 months and will continue. From version 3. 9, Python has released new features every 12 months (Pep 602).

Releases for developers include lon g-term version of bug fixes, and as a result, the strength of the release release has increased a little. The release with a change shown in the version number 3 (eg, 3. 5. 3, 3. 6. 2) is checked to guarantee stability; only the changes in popular tasks are changed. It is associated with the release, and it is guaranteed that the interface is constant for a series of changes that have changed.

The last constant is displayed every time on the Python reading page. Python 3. x is considered an appropriate version and is supported by most expansion libraries. Python 2. x is no longer supported.

How many people are using Python?¶

Perhaps there are millions of users, but it is difficult to count the actual number.

Python is available for gift roads, and as a result, there is no sales data, it is available on many websites and is included in almost all Linux distributions, and as a result, the load statistics are. It has not been distinguished on absolute images yet.

News group comp. Lang. Python is very active, but all Python users report or read to this group.

Have any significant projects been done in Python?¶

For a list of plans using Python, see the website https: // www. By learning past conferences about Python, you can confirm the contributions of a wide range of companies and organizations.

Popular plans in Python include Mailman Mailing List Manager and Zope Application Server. A certain number of Linux distributions, mainly Red Hat, wrote some or all of the unique installation and system management utility in Python. Companies that use Python from the compan y-Google, Yahu, Lucasfilm LTD., etc.

What new developments are expected for Python in the future?¶

See proposal to improve Python (Peps) website https: // peps. Python. Org/. PEP is a draft that describes the new features proposed for Python, along with simple techniques and justice reasons. Find PEP with Python X. Y Release Schedule.

The new development will be discussed on the list of the Python Dev Newsletter.

Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?¶

In general, no. Python code-rules are necessary to cause rejection as a result of all these kinds of language constructs that are invalid for more than a rather small percentage of programs, which already have millions in the world. There is ignorance of updating all the documentation, including whether you can give a restructuring program; numerous books have been written on Python, and we do not want to take all the legitimate power at once.

If you need to change a particular function, you need to foresee the path of gradual updates. PEP 5 describes the procedure for introducing changes that will not be compared to the inconvenience to users so far.

Is Python a good language for beginning programmers?¶

It is common to start studying with procedural and statically typed languages, such as Pascal, C, a subset of C++, Java, etc. Learning Python as a first language would be more beneficial for students. Python includes a rather unadorned alternative syntax and a huge regular library, and in fact, the most important thing is that introducing Python in the first programming course allows students to focus on these important programming abilities, such as parsing tasks and data type design. Python's support allows students to quickly become familiar with these basic notions, such as cycles and procedures. Also, you can work with user objects as early as your first year.

For students who have never programmed before, the introduction of statically typed languages ​​seems unnatural. This creates auxiliary problems that college students have to master, slowing down the course. Students try to learn to think like a computer, break down tasks, develop alternative interfaces, and encapsulate. However, studying the application of statically typed languages ​​is fundamental in the long run, and this is not the best content for a first course in programming for students.

Many other Python-nuances do in a good first language. Like Java, Python has a huge general bookstore, as a first result of the course, students can be entrusted with a programming plan to do something. Instructions are not limited to stereotypical programs for 4-function calculators or control checks. By applying regular libraries, students have plenty of opportunities to work on applications that are close to reality while learning the undercurrents of programming. Also, by introducing regular libraries, they can learn to reuse code. Foreign modules like pygame also help to broaden students' horizons.

Python Interactive Interpreter allows students to test their language skills in programming. While the interpreter holds the left window, they have the chance to introduce the start words of their program in another window. If they don't have a chance to understand how to list, there is a chance to arrange something like that:

>>> L = [] >>> Address(L) ['__Add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delaTtr__', '__Delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__Format__', '__ge__', '__GetTribute__', '__getItem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__Reduce__', '__Reduce_ex__', '__Ripr__', '__Reverse__', '__rmul__', '__settr__', '__setItem__', '__Sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'Clear', 'Copy', 'count', 'expand', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'delete', 'reverse', 'sort'] >>> [d Target d in Address(L) if '__' Not in d] ['Append', 'Clear', 'Copy', 'Count', 'Extend', 'Index', 'Insert', 'Pop', 'Delete', 'Reverse', 'Sort']. >>> Help(L.Add) Certification of embedded attachments: Add(.) L. No one adds objects to the cover. >>> L.Add(1) >>> L [1] 

With the support of the interpreter, the document is never far from the student while programming.

There are more excellent IDEs for Python. Idle is a cross-platform IDE for Python, written in Python with a TKINTER implementation. As Emacs users will quickly acknowledge, Emacs actually has a pretty friendly Python mode. All of these programming environments offer syntax relaxation, auto-enhancement, and access to an interactive interpreter while you write your code. An absolute list of Python edits can be found at Python Vicki.

If you want to discuss the introduction of Python in education, you can join the Edu-Sig mailing list.